How is the Illinois estate tax calculated?

If the taxable estate is over $4,000,000, Illinois runs two calculations. One uses an old federal table. The other uses 40% of the amount above $4,000,000. In both, the tax is subtracted while the tax is being figured, so a calculator repeats the arithmetic until the number settles. Illinois charges the lower number.

Is there an Illinois estate tax table?

Not one of its own. The state uses the federal credit table for state death taxes as it stood on December 31, 2001: 20 brackets that top out at $1,082,800 plus 16% of the amount over $10,040,000. It applies to the taxable estate less $60,000 less the Illinois tax, so no estate pays 16% of its value.

How does the Illinois Attorney General's estate tax calculator work?

It asks for two amounts from Schedule A or B of Illinois Form 700, lines 3 and 5, and will not compute until both are entered. It then runs the state's interrelated calculation: the credit table and the 40% limit, each repeated until the result stops changing, and returns the lower figure.

Do gifts made during life change the Illinois estate tax calculation?

Yes. Adjusted taxable gifts are counted with the estate when Illinois tests the $4,000,000 line. In the state's own example, an estate of $3,000,100 with $1,000,000 of such gifts owes $28, because together they sit $100 over the line and each dollar over costs about 28.6 cents.

If no Illinois estate tax is due, is a return still required?

It can be. Illinois requires a return when the gross estate, meaning the estate before deductions, with adjusted taxable gifts included, is over $4,000,000, even if deductions bring the tax to zero. An Illinois marital (QTIP) election is also made on that return, so filing can matter when nothing is owed.

Taxes

How the Illinois estate tax is calculated.

The Illinois estate tax calculation has an easy way to get your number and a hard way to understand it. This page gives you both.

By Joshua Mangoubi, CFA, MBAPublished November 20264 min read

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The short answer

The Illinois estate tax calculation reaches you only if your taxable estate, counting the taxable gifts you have made, is over $4,000,000. It is not a simple percentage, so a calculator is the practical way to get your number: an all-Illinois taxable estate of $5,000,000 owes $285,714, and one of $6,000,000 owes $456,071. What you type in matters more than the formula.

On this page

Someday a person you chose will sit down with an Illinois form called the Form 700, and on one line they will write a number that came out of a calculator neither of you has ever looked inside.¹ It may be your wife or your husband. It may be the daughter who has always handled things. They will have nine months from the day you are gone, and the number will be owed in cash.

You can estimate that number today. The honest news is that the Illinois estate tax calculation is complicated. Illinois does not charge a simple percentage. It runs a calculation that feeds on its own answer, and even the state uses a calculator to get the number.¹

So we built one, and it does the work for you. If you would rather see how the number is made, every step is in the detailed version at the foot of this page.

How do you calculate the Illinois estate tax without the math?

Type one number into our Illinois estate tax calculator. It runs the state's own computation. We checked it first against the examples the state publishes.²

Taxable estate (what is left after debts, expenses, and anything going to a spouse or charity)

Federal exclusion (the amount free of federal estate tax)

One person, $15,000,000Plus a late spouse's full unused exclusion, $30,000,000

A late spouse's unused exclusion can be added to yours only under federal law, and only if their estate filed a return in time to claim it. The amount carried over is whatever the first estate did not use. Illinois gives $4,000,000 per person and carries nothing over between spouses, whichever you choose here.

Refine for gifts already made, property outside Illinois, or the proposed law

Taxable gifts made during life (the return calls them adjusted taxable gifts)

Enter the gifts that were reported on a federal gift tax return, and leave them out of the estate above. Illinois counts them toward its exclusion but figures its table on the estate alone.

Share of the estate located in Illinois

Illinois exclusion (the amount free of Illinois estate tax)

2026 law, $4,000,000As SB 3847 would set it, $8,000,000 (not law)

Illinois estate tax: $456,071
Federal estate tax: $0
Both taxes combined: $456,0717.6% of the estate

Illinois is the only estate tax that applies at this size. The estate is over the Illinois exclusion but under the federal one.

This is a simplified model, not your actual tax return or plan. It only knows what you type in, leaves out rules that may apply to you, and cannot weigh the other facts and trade-offs a real decision depends on. Before you act, talk with a professional who knows your whole situation.

Under 2026 law, reviewed November 10, 2026. One taxable estate after deductions; nothing to a spouse or charity. Full methodology and sources.

The state's computation, validated against the Attorney General's published examples; a single all-Illinois taxable estate, no deductions. An illustration of the law, not your estate's return. Source: note 2.

It gives you two estimates: what Illinois would take, and what the federal government would take. In 2026, for one person with no earlier taxable gifts using up the exclusion, the federal estate tax starts above $15,000,000, so the federal estimate is zero below that level.³

What number do you type in?

This is the only hard part, and it is worth getting roughly right. The calculator wants your taxable estate, which is not the same as your net worth.

Start with what you own, valued at what it would sell for. Include the house, the retirement and brokerage accounts, a business or land, and the death benefit of any life insurance you own. Do not assume insurance is outside the estate. A policy you own can count. Leave out the large taxable gifts you have already made. Illinois still counts them toward the $4,000,000 line, so the calculator has its own box for them under "Refine." Then subtract your debts. Also subtract the amounts going to your spouse or to charity that the tax rules let you subtract.⁴ What is left is the number to type.

If you are married, read that last step twice. When everything passes to your husband or wife, the first of you usually owes Illinois nothing, because what qualifies as a transfer to a spouse comes out before the tax is figured.¹ The tax usually arrives at the second death, on what the survivor still owns, with only one $4,000,000 exemption to set against it. The calculator has a married-couple view for exactly that reason. Look at it first.

How much is the Illinois estate tax at different sizes?

If the number you typed, together with any gifts you entered, is $4,000,000 or less, the tax is zero, and the person you named has one less thing to carry. Above that, this is roughly what your estate would owe, out of what you meant to leave to the people you love.

Illinois and federal estate tax at seven estate sizes

Taxable estates made entirely of Illinois property under 2026 law, with no gifts and nothing passing to a spouse or charity. The share is the Illinois tax as a share of the estate. Federal figures are for one person with no earlier taxable gifts. The $5,000,000 row is the state's own published example; the others are computed with the same method. An illustration, not any estate's return. Source: note 1, note 2, note 3.

Two things in that table are worth a second look. The tax does not begin with a jump. At one dollar over the line, the tax is about 29 cents. The state's calculator rounds that to $0.² And the 16% you may have seen quoted is not what an estate pays. It is only the top row of an old federal table, not a 16% tax on the whole estate. Even the $30,000,000 estate here, which reaches that row, owes Illinois about 12% of its value.

The two largest estates in the table also owe federal estate tax, because they are over the $15,000,000 federal exclusion.³ The calculator shows both taxes side by side, so you can see the two together.

When everything passes to your husband or wife, the first of you usually owes Illinois nothing. The tax usually arrives at the second death.

When is the calculator not your answer?

A calculator knows only what you type, and there are three times it is only a starting point. First, the value you type may be a guess. If a business, a farm or a building in your estate has never been appraised, the answer inherits the guess. Second, you may own real estate in another state. The Illinois bill may shrink in proportion, but the return decides which property counts as Illinois property. You do not pick a percentage yourself.¹ Third, the $4,000,000 line itself may change. A bill in Springfield would raise it to $8,000,000 for deaths on or after January 1, 2027. When we last checked, on November 10, 2026, it had not passed either chamber and is not law.⁵

Those are questions for your estate attorney and your CPA. What the calculator gives you is a number worth bringing to that conversation.

Few people look up this calculation for their own sake. The number is nearly always for someone else: the spouse who will be the survivor, the daughter or son who will sign the return.

Where we fit in. We integrate tax considerations into your investment strategy and collaborate with estate attorneys and CPAs to ensure your plan is coordinated. We are not a law firm or accounting firm, so we do not provide legal or tax advice. Everything in this material is for educational purposes, based on primary sources. Before taking any action, please consult the appropriate professionals to apply these ideas to your situation.

Knowing the number will not change the law. It does mean the person you named will not be meeting it for the first time in a hard season. If you would like to think through your own figures with someone, we are glad to have that conversation.

The detailed version

The full calculationFor CPAs, estate attorneys, and anyone who wants every step: the statute, both formulas, the full table, and the state's published examples reproduced.Show

Statutory basis

The Illinois estate tax equals the "state tax credit" defined in 35 ILCS 405/2: the full credit calculable under Internal Revenue Code § 2011 as that section stood on December 31, 2001, without the later reduction or termination of the credit, recognizing an exclusion amount of only $4,000,000 for persons dying on or after January 1, 2013, and with a reduction to the adjusted taxable estate for any Illinois qualified terminable interest property election.⁶ Section 3 of the Act reduces that amount by the share of the gross estate that has no Illinois tax situs.⁷

The 2001 version of § 2011 puts two limits on the credit. First, subsection (b) applies a table to the adjusted taxable estate, which is the taxable estate less $60,000. Second, under subsection (e) the credit cannot be more than the § 2001 tax after the unified credit.⁸ Under § 2058 the state death tax is deducted before the federal taxable estate is computed. The tax therefore changes the number that is used to compute the tax.⁹ The Attorney General calls the result "an interrelated calculation" and publishes a calculator that performs it.¹

No statute or rule sets out the steps. The prescribed return, Form 700, does: line 3 is the Illinois tentative taxable estate, line 4 is adjusted taxable gifts, line 5 is their sum, and line 6 is the tax "computed … from website calculator" using lines 3 and 5.¹⁰ The arithmetic itself is in the calculator's published code.²

Notation

E is the Illinois tentative taxable estate, line 3 of Form 700, with every asset treated as Illinois property. G is adjusted taxable gifts, line 4. E + G is line 5.
X is the exclusion amount, $4,000,000.
T is the Illinois tax before apportionment.
C(z) is the § 2011(b) credit on an adjusted taxable estate of z.

Formula 1: the table

T1 = C(E − T1 − 60,000)

Once you know which row of the table applies, the row has three pieces: the starting amount (b), the credit at that point (c), and the rate (r). The formula then solves to:

T1 = [c + r × (E − 60,000 − b)] ÷ (1 + r)

Try a bracket, solve for T1, and then check your work by subtracting T1 and $60,000 from E. If the result is inside that bracket, you used the right row.

Formula 2: the limit

T2 = 0.40 × (E + G − T2 − X)

which solves to:

T2 = (E + G − X) ÷ 3.5

Gifts enter this formula only. Formula 1 runs on E alone.

The 0.40 is the § 2001(c) rate on amounts over $1,000,000.¹¹ At these amounts both E + G − T2 and X are above $1,000,000, so the lower brackets cancel each other out. What remains is 40% of the difference.

Result

For E + G at or below X, T = 0. For E + G above X:

T = the lesser of T1 and T2

If some property is outside Illinois, the tax is first computed as if everything were in Illinois, and only the Illinois share is charged:

Illinois tax due = T × (gross value of Illinois property ÷ gross value of all property)⁷

The Attorney General's calculator reaches the same result by iteration, repeating the calculation until the answer stops changing. It computes T1 until successive values differ by less than a dollar, then substitutes T2, computed the same way, when 0.40 × (E + G − T1 − X) is less than T1.²

Where each formula governs

With no adjusted taxable gifts, from $4,000,000 to $5,359,167, Formula 2 gives the lower tax. At $5,359,167 the two formulas give the same tax. Above that the table governs, and the marginal rate on an added dollar of estate is r ÷ (1 + r).

Illinois tax and marginal rate by size of taxable estate

Closed forms of Formula 1 and Formula 2 for an all-Illinois taxable estate E under 2026 law. Checked against the calculator engine from $4,000,000 to $14,000,000; the largest difference is under one dollar, from the calculator's iteration and rounding. Source: note 2, note 8.

Worked example: E = $5,000,000

T2 = 1,000,000 ÷ 3.5 = 285,714.29. Check: 0.40 × (5,000,000 − 285,714.29 − 4,000,000) = 285,714.29.

For T1, try the row that starts over $4,040,000. The next row starts over $5,040,000, so this row is right if the adjusted number lands between those two amounts. The row starts at $4,040,000, and the formula also subtracts $60,000. Together those make $4,100,000, so the subtraction inside the bracket is 5,000,000 − 4,100,000. So T1 = [290,800 + 0.112 × 900,000] ÷ 1.112 = 391,600 ÷ 1.112 = 352,158.27. The division by 1.112 is there because the tax is subtracted inside its own formula, so the 11.2% rate applies to the tax too. Check the row: 5,000,000 − 352,158.27 − 60,000 = 4,587,841.73. That is more than $4,040,000 and less than $5,040,000, so the row was right.

Illinois uses the lower of the two numbers. T2 is lower, so T = $285,714, the figure the Attorney General publishes for this estate.¹

Published and computed cases

Both formulas at eleven estates

"Published" rows are the Attorney General's fact-sheet examples. "Computed" rows use the same method. T1 is not shown where the estate is at or below the exclusion. Hypothetical figures for illustration only; not a prediction of any estate's liability. Source: note 1, note 2.

The § 2011(b) table as of December 31, 2001

Maximum credit for state death taxes, 26 U.S.C. § 2011(b), 2001 edition

Applied to the adjusted taxable estate, which is the taxable estate less $60,000. In the Illinois computation the Illinois tax is also subtracted before the bracket is found. Source: note 6, note 8.

Gifts, the marital election, and filing

A Form 700 is required when the gross estate exceeds $4,000,000 after inclusion of adjusted taxable gifts, whether or not a federal return is required.¹
The Attorney General's calculator takes two amounts, lines 3 and 5 of Schedule A or B of Form 700, and computes only when both are entered.¹ The state's code runs Formula 1 on line 3 and Formula 2 on line 5. In the published gift example, Formula 1 on $3,000,100 gives $167,287 and Formula 2 gives (3,000,100 + 1,000,000 − 4,000,000) ÷ 3.5 = 28.57, published as $28. This page's other figures assume no gifts. Our calculator takes gifts in their own box and runs the two formulas the same way.
An Illinois marital (QTIP) election is made on a timely filed Illinois return, separate from and independent of any federal election, and reduces the Illinois base.⁶ In the published example, $13,610,000 less an election of $9,610,000 leaves exactly $4,000,000, and the tax is $0.¹

Federal interaction

In the simplified examples on this page, for one person with no earlier use of the exclusion, the federal estate tax estimate is 0.40 × (E − Illinois tax − federal exclusion), when that amount is positive.⁹ With the 2026 exclusion of $15,000,000 and no earlier use of it, the federal tax is zero until E less the Illinois tax reaches $15,000,000.³ In the top bracket, subtracting the Illinois tax leaves (E + 533,200) ÷ 1.16. Set that equal to $15,000,000. That gives E = 1.16 × 15,000,000 − 533,200, or $16,866,800. At E = $20,000,000 the federal tax is 0.40 × (20,000,000 − 2,298,965 − 15,000,000) = $1,080,414; at E = $30,000,000 it is 0.40 × (30,000,000 − 3,678,276 − 15,000,000) = $4,528,690.

Rounding

The calculator stops when successive values differ by less than a dollar and reports whole dollars. Published figures can therefore differ from the closed forms by up to about a dollar: $28 against $28.57 in the gift example, and $0 at E = $4,000,001 against $0.29.²

Not covered here

Valuation, and the deductions that produce E. The tax situs of each asset. The generation-skipping transfer tax, which the same Act imposes by reference to § 2604.⁶ Extensions and installment payments. Senate Bill 3847, which would change X.⁵

Sources & notes (11)

Expand

1.The Illinois exclusion amount is $4,000,000 and is "a taxable threshold and not a credit against tax"; "If an estate's gross value exceeds $4,000,000 after inclusion of adjusted taxable gifts, an Illinois Form 700 must be filed, whether or not a Federal Return is required"; "The Illinois Estate Tax will be determined using an interrelated calculation," for which the Attorney General's calculator may be used by inserting the amounts from Lines 3 and 5 of Schedule A or B, Form 700, and "the calculator will not perform the computation unless amounts are entered into both fields." For resident and non-resident decedents a preliminary tax is calculated assuming all assets are located within Illinois, then multiplied by the ratio of Illinois assets to total assets. An estate may make a QTIP election for Illinois purposes on a timely filed Illinois return. Published computation examples include a $4,000,000 estate owing $0; a $5,000,000 estate (all Illinois property) owing $285,714; a $3,000,100 estate with $1,000,000 of adjusted taxable gifts owing $28; a $5,000,000 estate with 50% in Illinois and 50% in Florida owing $142,857; and a $13,610,000 estate with a surviving spouse and an Illinois QTIP election of $9,610,000 owing $0. "The portability and carry-over of the unused federal exemption to the surviving spouse is inapplicable to the computation and assessment of the Illinois Estate Tax." The Illinois return and tax are due nine months after death, and extensions may be requested. Illinois Attorney General, "Important Notice Regarding Illinois Estate Tax and Fact Sheet," https://illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/Page-Attachments/EstateTaxInstructionFactSheet.pdf. ↩
2.Illinois figures computed with the Illinois Attorney General's published online estate tax calculator, https://illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/estate-taxes/2013-2025-estate-calculator (computation file CalcHtm.js, https://illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/application/estate-tax-calculator/CalcHtm.js), which applies the § 2011 table to line 3 less the tax less $60,000, iterates until successive results differ by under a dollar, and substitutes the interrelated figure of 40% of line 5 less the tax less the exclusion when that is lower. The computation was reproduced and validated against the Attorney General's fact-sheet examples before any further value was computed. At $4,000,001 it produces approximately $0.29, which the calculator displays as $0. Inputs assume a single all-Illinois taxable estate with no deductions, elections, or adjusted taxable gifts; actual estates differ, and the real inputs are reported on Form 706 and Form 700. This is a hypothetical example for illustrative purposes only; it is not advice, and it does not predict any particular estate's liability. ↩
3.For decedents dying in 2026 the federal basic exclusion amount is $15,000,000. IRS, "IRS releases tax inflation adjustments for tax year 2026," https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/irs-releases-tax-inflation-adjustments-for-tax-year-2026-including-amendments-from-the-one-big-beautiful-bill. ↩
4."The value of the taxable estate shall be determined by deducting from the value of the gross estate the deductions provided for in this part," which include expenses and debts (§ 2053), charitable transfers (§ 2055), and qualifying transfers to a surviving spouse (§ 2056). 26 U.S.C. § 2051, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/2051. The gross estate includes "the value at the time of his death of all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, wherever situated," 26 U.S.C. § 2031, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/2031, and the proceeds of insurance on the decedent's life where the decedent held incidents of ownership or the proceeds are receivable by the executor, 26 U.S.C. § 2042, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/2042. Illinois tests its $4,000,000 line on the estate "after inclusion of adjusted taxable gifts"; see the fact sheet in note 1. ↩
5.SB 3847, 104th General Assembly, would set the Illinois exclusion at $8,000,000 for persons dying on or after January 1, 2027, index it from 2028, and include a deceased spousal unused exclusion amount. Status as checked on November 10, 2026: referred to Senate Assignments on February 6, 2026; a co-sponsor added June 26, 2026; not passed by either chamber; not law. https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=3847&DocTypeID=SB&GAID=18&LegId=167264&SessionID=114. ↩
6.For persons dying after December 31, 2010, the "state tax credit" that measures the Illinois tax is "an amount equal to the full credit calculable under Section 2011 or 2604 of the Internal Revenue Code as the credit would have been computed and allowed under the Internal Revenue Code as in effect on December 31, 2001," without the later reduction or termination of that credit, but recognizing an exclusion amount of only $4,000,000 for persons dying on or after January 1, 2013, "and with reduction to the adjusted taxable estate for any qualified terminable interest property election." The person filing may elect on a timely Illinois return a marital deduction for qualified terminable interest property "separate and independent of any qualified terminable interest property election for federal estate tax purposes." 35 ILCS 405/2, https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext?DocName=003504050K2. ↩
7.On estates of persons dying on or after January 1, 2003, the Illinois estate tax is the state tax credit "reduced by the amount determined by multiplying the state tax credit with respect to the taxable transfer by the percentage which the gross value of the transferred property not having a tax situs in Illinois bears to the gross value of the total transferred property." 35 ILCS 405/3, https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext?DocName=003504050K3. ↩
8.26 U.S.C. § 2011 as published in the 2001 edition of the United States Code: subsection (b) sets the maximum credit by a table keyed to the "adjusted taxable estate," defined as "the taxable estate reduced by $60,000," running from 0.8% to "$1,082,800 plus 16% of the excess over $10,040,000"; subsection (e) provides that the credit "shall not exceed the amount of the tax imposed by section 2001, reduced by the amount of the unified credit provided by section 2010." U.S. Government Publishing Office, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2001-title26/html/USCODE-2001-title26-subtitleB-chap11-subchapA-partII-sec2011.htm. ↩
9.State death taxes actually paid are deducted in computing the federal taxable estate. 26 U.S.C. § 2058, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/2058. ↩
10.Illinois Form 700, Schedule A (Illinois residents): line 1, "Tentative Taxable Estate from Federal Return (Line 3a, Form 706), or other form containing the same information"; line 2, "Illinois QTIP election"; line 3, "Illinois Tentative Taxable Estate"; line 4, "Adjusted taxable gifts"; line 5, "Illinois Tentative Taxable Estate plus adjusted taxable gifts (Add Line 3 and Line 4)"; line 6, "Full amount computed for Illinois Estate Tax from website calculator before apportionment (Use Lines 3 & 5 from this Form 700 for the website calculator)"; lines 7 through 10 apportion the tax to property with an Illinois tax situs. Illinois Attorney General, https://illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/Page-Attachments/Form700.pdf. ↩
11.The federal estate tax rate on taxable amounts over $1,000,000 is 40%. 26 U.S.C. § 2001(c), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/2001. ↩

Questions people ask

How is the Illinois estate tax calculated?: If the taxable estate is over $4,000,000, Illinois runs two calculations. One uses an old federal table. The other uses 40% of the amount above $4,000,000. In both, the tax is subtracted while the tax is being figured, so a calculator repeats the arithmetic until the number settles. Illinois charges the lower number.
Is there an Illinois estate tax table?: Not one of its own. The state uses the federal credit table for state death taxes as it stood on December 31, 2001: 20 brackets that top out at $1,082,800 plus 16% of the amount over $10,040,000. It applies to the taxable estate less $60,000 less the Illinois tax, so no estate pays 16% of its value.
How does the Illinois Attorney General's estate tax calculator work?: It asks for two amounts from Schedule A or B of Illinois Form 700, lines 3 and 5, and will not compute until both are entered. It then runs the state's interrelated calculation: the credit table and the 40% limit, each repeated until the result stops changing, and returns the lower figure.
Do gifts made during life change the Illinois estate tax calculation?: Yes. Adjusted taxable gifts are counted with the estate when Illinois tests the $4,000,000 line. In the state's own example, an estate of $3,000,100 with $1,000,000 of such gifts owes $28, because together they sit $100 over the line and each dollar over costs about 28.6 cents.
If no Illinois estate tax is due, is a return still required?: It can be. Illinois requires a return when the gross estate, meaning the estate before deductions, with adjusted taxable gifts included, is over $4,000,000, even if deductions bring the tax to zero. An Illinois marital (QTIP) election is also made on that return, so filing can matter when nothing is owed.

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How the Illinois estate tax is calculated.

How do you calculate the Illinois estate tax without the math?

What number do you type in?

How much is the Illinois estate tax at different sizes?

When is the calculator not your answer?

Statutory basis

Notation

Formula 1: the table

Formula 2: the limit

Result

Where each formula governs

Worked example: E = $5,000,000

Published and computed cases

The § 2011(b) table as of December 31, 2001

Gifts, the marital election, and filing

Federal interaction

Rounding

Not covered here

Questions and answers

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