Medicare Enrollment Window: the enrollment periods
2026 law · reviewed September 5, 2026
| Period | When | Coverage begins | Penalty |
|---|---|---|---|
| Initial enrollment period | 3 months before the birthday month to 3 after | Birthday month if you sign up before it; otherwise the month after signing up | None |
| Special enrollment period (employer coverage) | 8 months after coverage or employment ends | The month after signing up | None |
| General enrollment period | January 1 to March 31, yearly | The month after signing up | Part B: 10% per full 12 months late, for life |
| Part D (drug coverage) | With Part A or B; within the same windows | Per plan | 1% of $38.99 per month uncovered, for life |
Medicare enrollment periods and late penalties, 2026 (Medicare.gov; CMS).
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